Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment For PTSD

Stellate Ganglion Block Treatment For PTSD

The Albany Clinic • September 13, 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health condition that affects individuals who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event. It can have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life and overall well-being. Fortunately, there are various treatment options available for individuals suffering from PTSD. One such treatment that has gained attention in recent years is stellate ganglion block (SGB).

Understanding PTSD: A Brief Overview

Before delving into the details of SGB treatment, it is crucial to have a basic understanding of PTSD. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychiatric disorder that can arise after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. These events can range from physical assault and natural disasters to military combat and accidents. The impact of PTSD on individuals can be profound and long-lasting, affecting their mental health and overall well-being.

When someone experiences a traumatic event, their brain and body go into survival mode. This response is a natural and necessary mechanism that helps us cope with danger. However, in the case of PTSD, this response becomes dysfunctional and continues long after the traumatic event has ended. The brain remains in a heightened state of alertness, constantly scanning the environment for potential threats.

The Impact of PTSD on Mental Health

PTSD can significantly impact a person’s mental health, leading to a wide range of symptoms. One of the most common symptoms is anxiety, which can manifest as a constant feeling of unease or a sense of impending doom. Individuals with PTSD may also experience depression, feeling a deep sadness and loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed.

Sleep disturbances are another common symptom of PTSD. Nightmares, flashbacks, and intrusive thoughts related to the traumatic event can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to insomnia and fatigue. This lack of quality sleep can further exacerbate other symptoms of PTSD, making it even more challenging for individuals to cope with their condition.

Furthermore, PTSD can strain relationships with family and friends. The symptoms of PTSD can make it difficult for individuals to connect with others emotionally, leading to feelings of isolation and loneliness. Loved ones may struggle to understand the changes in behavior and mood, which can create tension and misunderstandings.

Common Symptoms and Diagnosis of PTSD

PTSD symptoms can vary from person to person, but there are some common signs to look out for. Intrusive memories, such as flashbacks or vivid nightmares, are a hallmark symptom of PTSD. These memories can be triggered by specific sights, sounds, or smells associated with the traumatic event, causing the individual to relive the experience in a distressing and overwhelming way.

Another symptom of PTSD is avoidance. Individuals may go to great lengths to avoid anything that reminds them of the traumatic event. This can include avoiding certain places, people, or activities that they associate with the trauma. While this avoidance may provide temporary relief, it can also limit the person’s ability to engage in a full and meaningful life.

Negative changes in mood and cognition are also common in individuals with PTSD. They may experience persistent negative thoughts about themselves, others, or the world around them. This negative thinking can lead to feelings of hopelessness and a distorted perception of reality.

Heightened arousal is another symptom of PTSD. Individuals may be constantly on edge, easily startled, and have difficulty concentrating. This state of hyperarousal is a result of the brain’s ongoing response to the perceived threat, keeping the body in a state of readiness for danger.

Diagnosis of PTSD typically involves a thorough assessment by a mental health professional. They will evaluate the presence of these symptoms and their impact on the individual’s daily functioning.

The Science Behind Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)

What is Stellate Ganglion Block?

Stellate ganglion block is a procedure that has gained attention as a potential treatment for PTSD. It involves the injection of a local anesthetic, such as lidocaine or bupivacaine, into the stellate ganglion. This ganglion is located in the neck, specifically in the lower part of the cervical sympathetic chain.

The procedure is typically performed under ultrasound guidance to ensure accurate needle placement. The local anesthetic is injected around the stellate ganglion, numbing the nerves and temporarily blocking their activity. This blockage is believed to disrupt the sympathetic nervous system’s overactivity, providing relief from the symptoms of PTSD.

While the exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is thought that SGB may modulate the release of certain neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the brain. These chemical messengers play a role in regulating mood, anxiety, and stress responses. By altering their levels, SGB may help restore a more balanced and regulated state in individuals with PTSD.

The Role of SGB in the Nervous System

SGB is thought to interrupt the “fight-or-flight” response that is heightened in individuals with PTSD. By blocking the stellate ganglion, the procedure may help regulate the sympathetic nervous system, reducing hyperarousal and promoting a sense of calmness.

Furthermore, SGB has been found to have potential anti-inflammatory effects. Inflammation has been linked to various mental health conditions, including PTSD. By reducing inflammation in the stellate ganglion area, SGB may contribute to alleviating the symptoms associated with PTSD.

Research studies have shown promising results regarding the effectiveness of SGB in treating PTSD. Many individuals who have undergone the procedure have reported a significant reduction in symptoms, including a decrease in nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety levels. Some have even experienced a complete remission of symptoms, allowing them to regain control over their lives.

While SGB shows promise as a treatment for PTSD, it is not a cure-all solution. Each person’s response to the procedure may vary, and additional therapy and support may be necessary to address the underlying causes and triggers of PTSD.

SGB Treatment Procedure

Preparing for the Procedure

Prior to undergoing an SGB, patients will typically meet with a healthcare provider to discuss the procedure and address any questions or concerns. It’s essential to provide a comprehensive medical history and inform the healthcare provider of any medications currently being taken.

What Happens During the Treatment?

During the SGB procedure, the patient is positioned comfortably, and the skin around the injection site is cleansed. The healthcare provider will then use local anesthesia to numb the area before inserting a thin needle to deliver the anesthetic to the stellate ganglion. The procedure is usually relatively quick, and patients are often able to resume their normal activities shortly after completion.

The Effectiveness of SGB for PTSD

How SGB Alleviates PTSD Symptoms

Research suggests that SGB can significantly reduce the symptoms associated with PTSD . By modulating the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, SGB may help interrupt the cycle of fear and hyperarousal that individuals with PTSD often experience. This can lead to a reduction in symptoms such as anxiety, nightmares, and hypervigilance.

The Success Rate of SGB Treatment

Studies have shown promising results regarding the success rate of SGB treatment for PTSD. While individual responses may vary, many individuals report significant improvements in symptoms following the procedure. It’s important to note that SGB is typically used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may also include therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes.

Potential Risks and Side Effects of SGB

Common Side Effects of the Procedure

Some common side effects of SGB may include temporary hoarseness or voice changes, neck pain, and a temporary increase in anxiety immediately after the procedure. These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own within a short period.

Understanding the Risks Associated with SGB

While SGB is generally considered safe, there are some risks associated with the procedure. These include infection, bleeding, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), and allergic reactions. It’s essential for individuals considering SGB to discuss the potential risks and benefits with their healthcare provider.

Parting Words

In conclusion, stellate ganglion block (SGB) treatment offers a potential avenue for individuals suffering from PTSD to find relief from their symptoms. By targeting the sympathetic nervous system, SGB may help regulate the body’s stress response and alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and hyperarousal. 

As with any medical intervention, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider to determine if SGB is a suitable treatment option and to fully understand the associated risks and benefits. Reach out to us at The Albany Clinic today to schedule a free consultation! 

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In-Clinic vs. At-Home Ketamine Therapy: What’s Best for Your Mental Health?

By Kimberly Mercille • July 9, 2025
As ketamine therapy becomes increasingly popular for treating mental health conditions like depression and PTSD, more people are exploring their options. At-home ketamine therapy gained traction during the pandemic for its convenience, but without medical supervision, this approach may come with elevated risks. In this article, we’ll explore some of the key differences and pros and cons of in-clinic versus at-home ketamine therapy. What Is In-Clinic Ketamine Therapy? IV Ketamine Treatment In-clinic ketamine therapy involves receiving treatment at a licensed medical facility, such as The Albany Clinic , where professionals monitor and administer the medication under strict protocols. This ensures your safety, especially during your initial sessions. At The Albany Clinic, we specialize in intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion therapy , which has been most well-researched when it comes to treating mental health disorders. IV ketamine bypasses the digestive system, delivering the medication directly into the bloodstream. IV ketamine can help relieve symptoms of various mental health disorders, including depression , anxiety , post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) , and more. During an infusion at our clinic, you’ll rest in a calm, controlled environment while ketamine is delivered into a vein through a catheter. Our trained staff will closely monitor your vital signs and mental state throughout the session, adjusting the dose of ketamine if needed. We’ll observe you after treatment to ensure any side effects are managed promptly and effectively. Spravato We also offer Spravato (esketamine) at our clinic, a nasal spray based on ketamine. Unlike other forms of ketamine treatment, Spravato is approved by the FDA and is specifically for adults with treatment-resistant depression or major depressive disorder with suicidal thoughts . Spravato is only approved for in-clinic use under professional supervision and cannot be administered at home, making clinical oversight a legal and medical necessity for this treatment option. During a Spravato session, you’ll self-administer the medication under the supervision of our medical staff. We’ll then closely monitor you for a couple of hours to ensure you’re safe and all side effects have subsided before leaving. What Is At-Home Ketamine Therapy? At-home ketamine therapy allows patients to self-administer the ketamine, typically in the form of lozenges or nasal sprays, delivered via mail. While this option offers flexibility, it usually involves minimal supervision , often limited to virtual check-ins with healthcare providers. Some at-home providers offer optional video support during sessions, but this is not always the case. Patients are largely responsible for monitoring their own physical and emotional reactions, without the benefit of immediate medical intervention if adverse effects occur. At-home treatment often includes supplementary materials , such as guided meditations or journaling tools. However, the lack of real-time clinical oversight makes this option less ideal for those with complex or severe mental health needs. Safety Considerations: In-Clinic vs. At-Home While ketamine therapy is considered safe for most patients, it does come with potential physical and psychological side effects , including: Physical Risks: Elevated blood pressure or heart rate Nausea or vomiting Sedation or dizziness Impaired coordination Rare allergic reactions Psychological Risks: Hallucinations or dissociation Temporary confusion or anxiety Emotional vulnerability during treatment Risk of misuse or dependency The FDA has issued warnings about at-home ketamine use due to its potential for abuse and lack of medical supervision . Without proper monitoring, the risk of addiction and long-term complications, such as bladder damage and cognitive decline, may increase. Key Differences Between In-Clinic and At-Home Ketamine Therapy

A Guide to IV Ketamine

By Matt Rodriguez • July 8, 2025
Intravenous (IV) ketamine has emerged as a promising option for individuals struggling with treatment-resistant depression and other hard-to-treat mental health conditions. Ketamine was originally developed as an anesthetic, but is now being used in controlled medical settings to deliver rapid relief when traditional therapies fall short. This guide explores the history, science, benefits, and practical considerations of IV ketamine therapy and what you can expect from treatment at The Albany Clinic.

Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) for Depression

By Kimberly Mercille • May 27, 2025
Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB) is an emerging mental health treatment that targets key mechanisms linked to depression. In this article, we’ll discuss the science behind SGB and its potential benefits. If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, this information can help you make an informed decision about whether SGB might be the right option. What is a Stellate Ganglion Block (SGB)? What is the Stellate Ganglion? The stellate ganglion is a cluster of sympathetic nerves located on each side of the neck near the first rib. These nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls automatic body functions like heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. The term "stellate" means "star-shaped" because the ganglion often looks like a star under a microscope. It helps regulate the body's stress response by controlling norepinephrine, a chemical that triggers the fight-or-flight reaction. When this system becomes overactive, it can cause various physical and psychological problems, including depression. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) therapy may help by reducing the activity of the stellate ganglion, calming the fight-or-flight response, and lessening the damaging effects of prolonged nervous system stress. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work? Stellate Ganglion block (SGB) is when a local anesthetic is injected near the stellate ganglion. These drugs inhibit transmission between nerve cells, dampening activity in the ganglion. They typically include lidocaine, bupivacaine, or mepivacaine, which are sometimes combined with a steroid medication. Patients may also receive another medication to relax them before treatment. SGB is typically performed using ultrasound guidance . The injection process lasts no more than 10 minutes, but patients will motinoted for another 30-45 minutes after treatment to ensure their safety. How Does Stellate Ganglion Block Work for Depression? Chronic stress is a major contributor to depression and is often linked to an overactive sympathetic nervous system. People with depression commonly show high levels of cortisol, a hormone that plays a key role in the body's stress response, in their blood stream. Cortisol is helpful in small doses, but when chronically elevated, it can disrupt neural circuits in the brain. Excessive cortisol can lead to: Neurotoxicity - Cortisol can be toxic to nerve cells, especially in the hippocampus, which is crucial for memory and emotional regulation. Overinflammation - Cortisol increases the activity of the body’s natural defense system, resulting in the system causing damage to nerve cells. Impaired synaptic plasticity - Cortisol inhibits the capacity for the brain to “re-wire” itself. This makes it harder for people to adapt to stressful situations and learn new patterns of behaviour. Disrupted sleep - High cortisol can prevent people from sleeping well. During sleep, restorative biological processes occur in the brain, and excess cortisol can prevent these from happening. SGB decreases sympathetic nervous system activity, which can reduce cortisol levels. This can help restore function in brain areas and pathways associated with positive mood, emotional regulation, and stress resilience. Evidence Supporting SGB for Depression To date, there’s very limited evidence supporting the use of SGB for depression. One pilot study found that SGP significantly reduced depression symptoms in people with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and was well-tolerated. However, there was no significant difference to the placebo group and the sample size was very small. Nonetheless, multiple lines of research show that SGB can alleviate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which shares similarities with depression. In a trial of SGB for PTSD , participants reported significantly lower scores of depression following treatment. Who May Benefit from SGB for Depression? SGB is primarily utilized for treating PTSD, so individuals with PTSD who also experience depression may find SGB beneficial. Additionally, SGB has shown potential in alleviating anxiety symptoms, suggesting it may be advantageous for those dealing with both depression and anxiety. Because SGB isn’t approved by the FDA, it is typically only used when standard treatments like antidepressants and psychotherapy haven’t worked. SGB is an “off-label” treatment, much like ketamine therapy or brain stimulation therapies. Importantly, SGB may not be suitable for everyone because of medical reasons. Contraindications include: Recent myocardial infarction Coagulopathy or anticoagulant therapy Glaucoma Pre-existing contralateral phrenic nerve palsy Severe emphysema Cardiac conduction block Potential Risks and Side Effects of SGB Common Side Effects Most side effects of SGB are temporary and resolve as the anesthetic wears off. These may include: Hoarseness or Voice Changes: The proximity of the stellate ganglion to nerves controlling the voice box can lead to temporary hoarseness. Drooping Eyelid (Ptosis): Temporary drooping of the eyelid on the side of the injection may occur. Red or Bloodshot Eyes: Some individuals may notice redness in the eyes following the procedure. Watery Eyes and Nasal Congestion: Increased tearing and nasal stuffiness are possible but typically short-lived. Sensation of a Lump in the Throat and Difficulty Swallowing: Some individuals may experience a sensation of a lump in the throat and have difficulty swallowing after the procedure. Warmth or Tingling in the Arm or Hand: A warm or tingling sensation in the affected limb may be experienced temporarily. Although uncommon, some individuals may experience more serious complications, such as nerve damage, seizures, and allergic reactions. Given the potential risks, patients interested in SGB at the Albany Clinic will have an in-depth consultation with one of our qualified healthcare professionals before undergoing treatment. They can assess your medical history, current health status, and the potential benefits and risks of the procedure in your specific case. SGB for Depression in Illinois If you're in the Carbondale area and interested in the potential benefits of SGB for depression, the Albany Clinic is here to help. We specialize in innovative mental health treatments, including SGB, which has been shown to provide rapid relief from mental health symptoms, with effects lasting several weeks. Our experienced team offers personalized support, guiding you through every step—from determining if SGB is the right option for you to exploring alternative treatments and financial considerations. Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your mental health journey.