TMS vs Antidepressants

TMS vs Antidepressants

Kimberly Mercille • January 22, 2025

In this article, we’ll explore how TMS and antidepressants work, compare their effectiveness, safety, and costs, and help you determine which treatment might be right for you. Whether you’re considering TMS, antidepressants, or a combination of both, understanding your options can empower you to make an informed decision about your mental health journey.

What Is TMS?

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive therapy that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved TMS in 2008 for major depressive disorder (MDD) and later for conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), migraines, and smoking cessation

During a TMS session, a coil device delivers magnetic pulses to specific areas of the brain associated with cognition and emotional control. The treatment is painless, requires no anesthesia, and is performed in an outpatient setting. Most patients undergo 20–30 sessions over four to six weeks.

What Are Antidepressants?

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants designed to increase serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter associated with positive mood. Common SSRIs include Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), and Lexapro (escitalopram). Other classes of antidepressants include:

  • SNRIs (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors): Examples include Cymbalta (duloxetine) and Effexor (venlafaxine).
  • MAOIs (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors): These older antidepressants, such as Nardil (phenelzine), are less commonly used due to dietary restrictions and potential side effects.

SSRIs, FDA-approved since the 1980s, remain a first-line treatment for depression and are also used for OCD, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and eating disorders. Depending on the type of antidepressant prescribed and the patient’s condition, doses typically range from one to three tablets per day.

Mechanisms of TMS vs. Antidepressants


How TMS Works:

TMS works by using magnetic pulses to generate electrical currents, which activate regions of the brain that are underactive in depression and other mental health disorders. This activation causes the release of key neurotransmitters involved in mood regulation, including glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin

Animal research shows TMS affects the genetic expression  of neurotransmitter receptors–proteins that respond to these chemical messengers–potentially explaining long-term changes in mood and well-being. 

TMS also increases measures of   neuroplasticity, which is the capacity of the brain to reorganize and form new neural connections. This could help reset dysfunctional brain circuits and increase someone’s ability to adopt more positive thought and behavior patterns. 


How SSRIs Work:

SSRIs block the reabsorption (reuptake)   of serotonin into neurons. By inhibiting the serotonin transporter (SERT), they increase the availability of serotonin in the space between nerve cells, enhancing its signaling and mood-enhancing effects. 

SNRIs function similarly but also block norepinephrine reuptake. Since norepinephrine regulates energy and attention, SNRIs are particularly beneficial for individuals with depression accompanied by fatigue or difficulty concentrating.

Like TMS, antidepressants may also increase neuroplasticity by boosting brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that supports the growth and protection of nerve cells.


Efficacy of TMS vs. Antidepressants


TMS Efficacy:

Research shows TMS is highly effective, particularly for individuals with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) who have not responded to conventional medications. Studies indicate that approximately 50–60% of patients with TRD experience significant symptom improvement with TMS.

In a study of 1,753 patients with depression, over 72% showed substantial symptom improvement following TMS, and more than 58% achieved remission. Most TMS patients notice clinical improvements within two to four weeks of starting treatment.


Antidepressant Efficacy:

SSRIs and other antidepressants are effective for many, but not all. It’s estimated that between 10-30% of people with depression show a very small or no clinical response  despite trying at least two different antidepressant types. Pooled data from eight double-blind studies found remission rates of 45% and 35% for SNRIs and SSRIs, respectively.

Mood improvements tend to appear after the first two weeks of using antidepressants, although it can take up to six weeks for any noticeable improvements. 


Safety of TMS vs. Antidepressants


TMS Side Effects:

TMS is generally well-tolerated, with minimal side effects, such as:

  • Temporary scalp discomfort or headaches during treatment.
  • Lightheadedness after sessions.

Serious side effects are rare but may include seizures, hearing loss, or mania. TMS is not recommended for individuals with a history of epilepsy or brain damage.


Antidepressant Side Effects:

Antidepressants are more likely to cause side effects, including:

  • Nausea.
  • Increased appetite and weight gain.
  • Sexual dysfunction.
  • Insomnia.
  • Emotional blunting or feeling "numb."

Suddenly stopping antidepressants can lead to withdrawal symptoms, which may intensify the drug’s side effects. Long-term risks include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes (likely linked to weight gain), and reduced bone density.


Costs of TMS vs. Antidepressants


Cost of TMS:

TMS sessions cost approximately $200–$400 each, with a full course of treatment (30–40 sessions) being expensive. However, most insurance plans cover TMS as an FDA-approved treatment. Patients may still need to pay co-pays and other fees based on their provider and insurance plan.


Cost of Antidepressants:

The cost of antidepressants varies depending on the medication and insurance coverage. Without insurance, generic SSRIs may cost $20–$50 per month, while brand-name options can exceed $200 per month. Insurance typically lowers these costs, with out-of-pocket expenses depending on the provider.


TMS or Antidepressants: Which Is Right for Me?

Deciding between TMS and antidepressants depends on your medical history and personal preferences.

TMS may be right for you if:

  • You’ve tried multiple antidepressants without significant improvement.
  • You experience severe medication side effects.
  • You prefer a non-invasive, drug-free treatment.
  • You do not have a history of seizures or brain damage.

Antidepressants may be right for you if:

  • You’re experiencing mild to moderate depression and have not tried medication yet.
  • You prefer a familiar, widely available treatment.

For some individuals, combining TMS and antidepressants provides the best results. A mental health professional can help determine the most appropriate approach.


Exploring TMS at The Albany Clinic

If you’re based in Illinois and struggling with depression, TMS treatment at our Carbondale clinic could be the solution you need. Our team of experts provides personalized, evidence-based care to help you on your recovery journey. Benefits of our clinic include:

  • Compassionate, patient-centered care.
  • State-of-the-art TMS technology.
  • Assistance with insurance navigation.
  • Flexible scheduling options.


Take the First Step

Want to learn more? Schedule a free consultation with our team today. We’re here to answer your questions and guide you toward a brighter future.

Book Your Free Initial Consultation
By Matt Rodriguez April 1, 2025
Finding effective depression treatment can be challenging, especially when cost and insurance coverage add to the stress. Fortunately, for individuals in Illinois, several advanced, insurance-backed options are available beyond traditional antidepressants and therapy. This article explores innovative treatments for depression that are available at our Albany Clinic in Carbondale. Addressing the Need for Affordable Depression Relief in Illinois Depression remains a significant public health concern in Illinois. In 2023, data showed that 18.1% of all adults in the state had a doctor's diagnosis of a depressive disorder . Traditional first-line treatments for depression include medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). However, these are not universally effective; approximately one-third of patients are treatment-resistant. Even when these medications do work, they often take a long time to produce noticeable improvements, and unpleasant side effects can deter their use. Talk therapies , such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and psychodynamic therapy, are also strongly recommended. These treatments can have hugely beneficial effects, but it can require a lot of time commitment for results to show. Moreover, not all therapists accept insurance–especially for those practicing more specialized forms–making the treatment inaccessible for many. Spravato (Esketamine) for Depression What is Spravato, and how does it work? Spravato is an FDA-approved nasal spray that contains esketamine, a derivative of ketamine. Like ketamine, esketamine treats depression by interacting with NMDA receptors , proteins that play a key role in learning and memory. This interaction triggers several neurological processes, including neuroplasticity —the strengthening and forming of connections between nerve cells. Enhanced plasticity may improve the function of nerve circuits responsible for mood regulation, increasing overall well-being. A typical Spravato treatment involves sessions administered under medical supervision, starting with twice-weekly doses and then tapering as appropriate. Whereas antidepressants typically take around four weeks to show an effect, Spravato can have rapid action at alleviating symptoms. A study found that Spravato significantly reduced depression symptoms compared to a placebo drug within just 24 hours of administration. Does Insurance cover Spravato? Due to its FDA approval, Spravato is covered by most major insurance plans in Illinois, including Medicare and Medicaid. However, only patients with a formal diagnosis of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) or major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation (MDSI) are eligible for the treatment. While the medication is usually covered by insurance, patients may still have out-of-pocket costs , including copays , deductibles , and pre-treatment medical evaluations . Your exact expenses will depend on your specific insurance plan. At the Albany Clinic, we’re here to help you understand your costs and maximize your coverage. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) Therapy What is TMS, and how does it work? TMS therapy is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate underactive regions of the brain associated with mood regulation. In depression, TMS targets the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) , which is often less active in individuals with the condition. TMS therapy works by: Inducing electrical activity in neurons , prompting the release of neurotransmitters involved in mood and motivation. Increasing the activity of neural circuits responsible for mood regulation. Enhancing neuroplasticity , potentially “re-wiring” nerve circuits associated with unhealthy thinking and behavior. The treatment protocol typically consists of daily sessions over several weeks. Each session lasts about 20-40 minutes, during which patients remain awake and alert. Does insurance cover TMS? Since TMS therapy is FDA-approved, some major insurance providers in Illinois cover costs, but unfortunately, the state’s Medicaid does not. If you're considering TMS, check with your insurance provider to see if your plan includes coverage, as eligibility and benefits vary. At the Albany Clinic, we're here to help clarify details and explore options to make treatment more affordable. IV Ketamine Infusion Therapy What is an IV ketamine infusion and how does it work? IV ketamine infusion therapy involves administering ketamine intravenously at sub-anesthetic doses . This approach has shown rapid and robust antidepressant effects, especially in individuals with treatment-resistant depression. IV ketamine shares the same mechanism as Spravato but tends to have more rapid-acting effects. A standard course includes multiple infusions over a set period, with each session lasting approximately one hour. Does insurance cover IV ketamine? Unlike Spravato and TMS, IV ketamine infusion therapy is not FDA-approved for depression treatment and instead is used “ off-label .” This means most insurance plans don’t accept ketamine, and coverage is limited. However, some insurance companies may reimburse some of the treatment costs, such as the evaluation and management part. At the Albany Clinic, we’ll provide you with all the documentation to submit a claim to your insurance provider, but full payment is required before each procedure. Navigating Insurance for Depression Treatment Understanding insurance coverage for depression treatments can be complex. Here are steps to help streamline the process: Verify Coverage : Contact your insurance provider to inquire about treatment coverage specifics. Some insurers require a history of treatment failures with traditional antidepressants before approving coverage for these advanced therapies. Obtain Pre-Authorization : Many insurers require pre-authorization for certain treatments. Ensure all necessary approvals are secured before initiating therapy. The Albany Clinic's administrative team can assist in submitting pre-authorization requests. Understand Financial Responsibilities : Clarify any co-pays, deductibles, or out-of-pocket expenses associated with your treatment plan. Consult Our Team : The Albany Clinic's administrative staff is experienced in navigating insurance processes and can assist you in understanding and managing the financial aspects of your treatment. We also provide financial counseling to help patients explore payment plans and reimbursement options. Going Forward Navigating insurance for depression treatment can be complex, but you don’t have to do it alone. At The Albany Clinic , we’re dedicated to helping patients access effective, insurance-backed treatments while minimizing out-of-pocket costs. Contact us today to learn more about your options and take the next step toward relief.
By Matt Rodriguez March 3, 2025
Struggling with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) can feel isolating and overwhelming, especially when other medications haven’t proved effective. However, ketamine therapy offers a promising path forward, showing fast and significant relief from SAD symptoms. At The Albany Clinic in Albany, New York, we provide customized ketamine treatment plans designed to empower patients to overcome the challenges of SAD. Read on to explore the science and benefits of this transformative approach. Understanding Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), often referred to as social phobia, is a chronic mental health condition characterized by extreme fear and discomfort in social situations. While occasional nervousness in social settings is normal, social anxiety disorder is more persistent and can significantly disrupt daily life, relationships, and career opportunities. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) , 7.1% of the U.S. population experiences social anxiety disorder annually. Recognizing the Symptoms of SAD The symptoms of social anxiety disorder can be grouped into three categories: emotional, behavioral, and physical. Emotional Symptoms: Intense fear of social interactions, particularly with strangers. Persistent worry about being judged or negatively evaluated. Excessive anxiety about upcoming social events, often for weeks in advance. Overwhelming self-consciousness in social environments. Behavioral Symptoms: Avoidance of social situations. Skipping school, work, or events to avoid social interaction. Relying on alcohol or other substances to ease anxiety in social settings. Physical Symptoms: Sweating, trembling, dry mouth, or muscle tension. Panic attacks in extreme cases. At The Albany Clinic, we understand the debilitating impact of these symptoms and offer ketamine therapy as a groundbreaking approach to address SAD. Our compassionate team is dedicated to creating personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs. How Ketamine Therapy Helps Treat Social Anxiety Ketamine has emerged as a promising treatment for social anxiety disorder due to its unique mechanism of action. Unlike traditional treatments, ketamine interacts with NMDA receptors in the brain, enhancing neuroplasticity —the brain’s ability to form new neural connections. This process can help improve brain function in areas related to stress and emotional regulation, potentially improving symptoms of SAD. Brain scanning experiments show ketamine alters connectivity in a brain region called the anterior insular cortex , which is thought to play a key role in social emotions. Studies suggest that this region may become dysfunctional in SAD, but ketamine could help restore its normal function and reduce SAD symptoms. Ketamine also lowers the activity of the amygdala , a brain region linked to fear and the body’s stress response. In people with anxiety, the amygdala is often overactive. Ketamine may help by calming this overactivity and reducing feelings of fear. Benefits of Ketamine for SAD Ketamine offers several benefits for treating SAD . One of its most significant advantages is its rapid action , often providing relief within hours, compared to the weeks or months traditional antidepressants can take. Additionally, ketamine has shown sustained effects , with a single dose sometimes improving symptoms for days or even weeks. Whereas common anti-anxiety medications, such as antidepressants, are used every day, ketamine is used more infrequently . A typical dosing regime involves twice-weekly sessions for the first four weeks, with more spaced-out sessions thereafter. This prevents people from developing tolerance to the drug, so they don’t experience withdrawal symptoms once they stop taking medication. However, ketamine does have an abuse potential , and ketamine addiction can lead to severe health consequences. For this reason, it’s essential to use ketamine in carefully controlled clinical environments under medical supervision, such as our clinic in Albany. Typical anti-anxiety medication is also associated with side effects that affect daily function, such as weight gain or sexual dysfunction . Ketamine, on the other hand, has mild side effects that generally wear off once the drug is cleared from the system. These include: Dizziness Decreased heart rate and blood pressure Drowsiness Nausea Research Supporting Ketamine for Social Anxiety A clinical trial from Yale University found ketamine infusions significantly decreased measures of social phobia in anxiety patients, compared to a placebo drug. The difference in improvement was significant from two days post-treatment and lasted up to the two-week follow-up. In another study from the University of Otago, patients with both generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and SAD had significantly improved symptoms two weeks following ketamine treatment. These patients had been previously non-responsive to other therapies. Is Ketamine Therapy Right for You? Ketamine therapy is not suitable for everyone, but it can be highly effective for those who have not found relief with traditional treatments. You may be a good candidate if: You have been diagnosed with SAD, or another severe form of anxiety Conventional medications or therapies have not provided sufficient relief You are seeking a treatment with faster results However, ketamine therapy may not be recommended if you have: A current or past history of substance abuse You have specific liver or heart conditions You have a history of psychosis At The Albany Clinic, our experienced providers will carefully evaluate your medical history to determine if ketamine therapy is the best option for you. Building a Social Anxiety Treatment Plan at The Albany Clinic Step 1: Initial Consultation Your journey begins with a complimentary consultation to discuss whether ketamine therapy is suitable for you. During this session, our team will answer your questions, assess your mental health history, and develop a personalized treatment plan aligned with your recovery goals. Step 2: Ketamine Infusion Therapy Infusion sessions at The Albany Clinic are conducted in a modern , calming environment designed to put you at ease. Patients are provided with headphones , eye masks , and curated music playlists , though you are welcome to bring your own music if preferred. Each infusion session lasts about 40 minutes , during which time you’ll receive an injection of ketamine directly into the bloodstream through a vein. A dedicated provider will be present throughout your session to monitor your safety and comfort. Step 3: Lifestyle Adjustments and Aftercare Most patients require a series of treatments for optimal results. However, successful management of social anxiety extends beyond therapy sessions. Our team offers tailored aftercare guidance to help you integrate the positive effects of ketamine therapy into your daily life, promoting long-term well-being.  Interested? If you are struggling with social anxiety disorder and looking for an innovative approach to enhance your mental health, The Albany Clinic in Albany, NY, offers expert-led ketamine therapy designed to meet your needs. Our compassionate team is committed to providing evidence-based treatment plans to help you regain control and live a fulfilling life. To find out if ketamine therapy is the right choice for you, schedule a complimentary consultation with one of our specialists today.
A woman is covering her ears while a group of people point at her.
By The Albany Clinic December 16, 2024
This blog will help you better understand social anxiety disorder and the various treatments that can help you or a loved one feel great again.